Black swans
are native to most of Australia, including Tasmania. It has
been introduced into several countries, including New
Zealand, where it is now common and there are some
free-living birds in Sweden. Black swans are mostly black
feathered, with a line of white flight feathers of the wing
edges that sometimes show when at rest and are conspicuous
in flight.
Black swans prefer larger salt, brackish or fresh
waterways and permanent wetlands, requiring 40m or more
clear water to take off. Outside the breeding season, black
swans travel quite large distances. Birds fly at night and
rest during the day with other swans.
The species has a large range, with figures between one
to ten million kilometers square given as the extent of
occurrence. The current global population of the Black Swan
is estimated to be up to 500,000 individuals. No threat of
extinction or significant decline in population has been
identified in this numerous widespread bird. Black swans are
protected both by law and by sentiment in Australia although
because of large concentrations and resulting crop damage, a
short hunting has been introduced in Victoria and Tasmania.
Black swans form isolated pairs or small colonies in
shallow wetlands. Birds pair for life, with both adults
raising one brood per season. The eggs are laid in an untidy
nest made or reeds and grasses. The nest is placed either on
a small island or floated in deeper water. The chicks are
covered in grey down, and are able to swim and feed
themselves as soon as they hatch.
The ability to form a male pair is a normal part of the
Black Swans social behavior and an example of a flexible
life strategy in the species.